Yellow Cedar wood

Stone base

58.5 x 4.5 x 4.25″
60 x 9 x 6″ (including base)

This GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA (totem pole) is my homage to various native groups on the Pacific Northwest Coast (PNC).

NUGWA (I/me) have been familiar with some of these neighbouring groups from a young age.
When NUGWA entered the University of British Columbia and one of my courses included PNC art, my interest grew greater since NUGWA actually knew people from neighbouring PNC groups.

In addition NUGWA was introduced to the UBC Museum of Anthropology (MOA) and it’s helpful staff and fascinating collection of PNC artifacts — in turn my MOA experience led to visiting more museums and their staff.. In short, it was a pretty comprehensive “learning experience” into the old traditional cultures of the PNC. So over the last 50 plus years, NUGWA expanded my interactions with a very broad range of both native and non-native folks.

It has been a very rewarding experience!

At university, NUGWA first saw an anthropological map of the PNC linguistic groups that was vertically-oriented from north to south. Much later NUGWA painted my own map that was similarly arranged; it not only showed the various linguistic groups but also had a decorative border of PNC formline animals. Meanwhile — to name a few — NUGWA kept meeting more folks from many of the original native peoples: Tlingit, Tahltan, Metlakatla (B.C & Alaska), Gitxaala, Gitga’at, Kitasoo, Lax Kw’alaams, Gingolx, Gitlaxt’aamix, Gitwinksihlkw, Laxgalts’ap, Kitselas, Gitxsan, Haida, Haisla, Heiltsuk, Nuxalk, Kwaguithl, ‘Namgis, Dzawad’enuxw, Tseshaht, Hupacasath, Ahousaht, Hesquiaht, Tla-o-qui-aht, Chinook, Tla’amin (Sliammon), Squamish, Tsleil-Waututh and Musqueam.

All these connections made an impact so NUGWA started thinking about all these people and how much they’ve enriched my life — some were artists, carvers, singers, dancers, chiefs, politicians. Still others were from different walks of life and were equally interesting, intelligent & talented people and many became friends.

So that became the basis for this GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA where each general linguistic PNC group is represented by a carving that’s supposed to be in their style — it’s my way of honouring their contribution to life; not just my life either!

NUGWA must admit that many native people who are not from the PNC, as well as many non-natives, have also enriched my life, but this piece of wood wasn’t big enough to accommodate everyone — so it’s possible that an even more inclusive GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA may be in the future somewhere.

Lyle Wilson 2024

Yellow Cedar wood, Abalone shell, Acrylic paint

Stone base

58 x 8 x 7″
59.5 x 10.5 x 8.5″ (including base)

This GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA (totem pole) was inspired by an early HAISLA carver named Alfred Wesley — the older HAISLA generation remember him quite well: “he was an old man when I knew him… he was adapted out to the Haida at a very young age in the old Indian custom …. His father told him told him who he was and he moved back to KITAMAAT. He used to have an old, round washtub filled with water, which he kept small carvings in. He worked for awhile on each, put it back and worked on another till he got tired of it and put it back in the tub. He continued this until he finished each carving in the tub — it took (him) about a month to finish the tub full of his carvings. People used to call him DUH-DOOK-DA-MAH-DOS; his wife, Julia Wesley, was called JAH-BUS-DEE.”

Another elder said, “He used to come around to the house at mealtimes and eat with us. Eventually he gave Harry (her husband) a small model totem pole he’d carved and painted. Harry didn’t like the painting so he tried to “improve” it and he made it worse — he gave up and painted the whole thing black. He was from KITAMAAT but adapted to the Massett Haida (in) the old Indian way.”

Still another elder said, “he’s HAISLA and his brother was Edwin Wesley (he couldn’t remember the father’s name at that time). He learned to carve when he was over the islands… he’s buried somewhere up at the old graveyard. That’s one of his poles right there (pointing to a shelf).”

The 2 model GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA were still in possession of the informants when NUGWA (I/me) talked to them circa 2000, and were very AIX (good) carvings. The UBC Museum of Anthropology also has a few of his carvings so DUH-DOOK-DA-MAH-DOS was an early influence of mine and that’s why NUGWA decided to pay homage to him by carving this GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA.

My version is based on a model GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA attributed to DUH-DOOK-DA-MAH-DOS. In turn, NUGWA believe that his
GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA was based on a Haida story about the great flood that was believed to have occurred in the olden days — as the water rose up, the inhabitants of the GYUU-AUCH (bighouse) tried to escape by climbing the tall GLA-GLA-QWIL-SA in front of the GYUU-AUCH.

So the “escapees” are on the GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA, holding onto to each other — one wears a apron with a MUSAQ (rainbow) on it.

This is my own added detail because when NUGWA was growing up the introduced Christian religion’s influence was still strong and NUGWA was made to learn its “GREAT FLOOD” story; in which the MUSAQ became the symbol of the Christian god’s promise that another great flood would never happen again.

Lyle Wilson 2024

Yellow Cedar wood, Abalone Shell

Stone Base

57 x 6 x 4.5″
58.25 x 8.5 x 6.5 (including base)

This GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA (totem pole) is a story of the GEE-GA-JOAUCH (Beaver Clan) coming to the HAISLA. The journey began in a Tlingit village called CLOONTHK — in the state now known as Alaska in the U.S.A. JUH-JEE-NEE was the HEY-MAS (chief) of his Tlingit Beaver Clan and his linage went back for generations. The name JUH-JEE-NEE means ‘Eagle”s Claws’ in the Tlingit language and the name was given to him by his father’s Tlingit Eagle Clan. JUH-JEE-NEE ’s family consisted of 10 brothers and sisters and when their WEE-WAY-ALTHLA (parents) died, the whole family was so consumed with grief they decided to leave their ancestral village.

Shortly after their WEE-WAY-ALTHLA’s funerals, the family paddled their GELWA (canoes) southwards seeking a new land and life. They were in no hurry — camping in bays and exploring different places. They lived off the land, often digging for JEE-QWA (clams) and JA-WA-LEE (cockles). When the tide was out, JUH-JEE-NEE’s MA-NES-OOT (brother), STA-OWSK was wading in the shallow water of a bay and saw a TAGWAH (octopus) swim into a hole beneath a large boulder. He reached into the hole to try and grab the TAGWAH and his hand was trapped by a giant scallop — a large clam-like creature.  STA-OWSK’s hand was trapped so securely that neither he, nor his family, could free it.

When the tide came up poor STA-OWSK drowned — adding more grief to the band of Tlingit wanderers. After the tide went down, JUH-JEE-NEE cut off STA-OWSK’s arm and cremated his body. STA-OWSK’s ashes were put into a small GUH-YO-JEELTH (bentwood box).

JUH-JEE-NEE and his family continued their journey southwards; eventually arriving at the entrance of the Nass River — where the village of Gingolx (formally, Kincolith) is now situated. Welcomed, they stayed for awhile, enjoying the hospitality of the Gingolx people. GUDHAYKS, another of JUH-JEE-NEE’’s MA-NES-OOT, married a woman there — the Stuart family of Gingolx are the descendants of GUDHAYKS.

JUH-JEE-NEE’s group then continued their journey and ended up at a site now known as the home of Ts’msyen band of Lax Kw’alaams — although their stay was relatively short, they were welcomed. INSIPDEEGS, JUH-JEE-NEE’’s WA-GWAH (sister), married a Lax Kw’alaams man — their descendants are the Dudoward family.

Continuing their journey, eventually they came to the mouth of the Skeena River. Paddling further up the Skeena they met the Kitselas people — or as they call themselves today: Gitselasu: People of the Canyon. Again welcomed, they stayed long enough for another of JUH-JEE-NEE’’s WA-GWAH — JINJANSH — to marry a Gitselasu man.

At Kitselas, JUH-JEE-NEE captured a little JUM-MEE-NAS (squirrel); which became his pet. JUH-JEE-NEE kept the JUM-MEE-NAS on a string and it preceded him while he walked around. The Gitselasu told him of a place where fresh-water GWAAS (mussels) could be found. JUH-JEE-NEE’s party decided to seek out this place and the JUM-MEE-NAS seemed to know the way, and led them to what is now called Lakelse Lake — where they camped on a beach there.

The GA-GAY-JWILS (day) was sunny and warm as they dug for GWAAS and JUH-JEE-NEE remembered the drowning of STA-OWSK. He took the GUH-YO-JEELTH, containing STA-OWSK’s ashes, and put it on a log. JUH-JEE-NEE and his family, then mourned for their MA-NES-OOT.

As they mourned, it seemed as if the world mourned with them: the GA-GAY-JWILS (day) became GA-NULTH (night) as the GIZUA (sun) went into an eclipse. As the eclipse ended and daylight gradually returned, for no reason the GUH-YO-JEELTH, containing STA-OWSK’s ashes fell off the log — scattering them on the beach.

As JUH-JEE-NEE’s family watched the eclipse end, more strange and supernatural events were witnessed: a giant QOLUUN (beaver) known as a KWUTH-HECK swam amidst a large patch of foam on the lake’s surface; a large MOO-MOO-GA-JOO (halibut) appeared (normally a saltwater fish) in the fresh-water lake; and a KWA-KWALK — a large man-like being holding a GWULS-GEAUCH-GAW (otter).

When everything finally disappeared, JUH-JEE-NEE’s party left the lake, and the JUM-MEE-NAS led them overland and southwards, until they got to the upper reaches of the GICH-LAA-LEES-LA (Kitimat River). They followed GICH-LAA-LEES-LA downstream until encountering a HAISLA at their village — located near the mouth of GICH-LAA-LEES-LA.

The HAISLA welcomed JUH-JEE-NEE’’s party. After telling the story of their adventures, JUH-JEE-NEE and his family were invited to join the HAISLA people. When JUH-JEE-NEE accepted the invitation, the HULL-CHEY-CHU-NOAUCH (Killer Whale Clan) gave JUH-JEE-NEE’s family a full-size GYUU-AUCH (bighouse) in order to make them feel truly welcome.

JUH-JEE-NEE’’s family settled into the HAISLA community — intermarrying with the HAISLA. JUH-JEE-NEE’’s leadership skills eventually led him to become the head HEY-MAS (chief) of the HAISLA. JUH-JEE-NEE kept his “original” Tlingit name and adopted the things they witnessed during their journey to use as family names and crests.

Down though the centuries the original Tlingit name of JUH-JEE-NEE has become JASEE in the language of the HAISLA. Undoubtedly the two vastly different languages of the Tlingit and HAISLA played a role in the changes — but it still means ‘Eagle’s Claws’.

When JASEE himself, commissioned a GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA for the GEE-GA-JOAUCH, these crest-figures were carved on it: 2 QOLUUN at the bottom; KWA-KWALK holding a GWULS-GEAUCH-GAW; MOO-MOO-GA-JOO; GIZUA. The JUM-MEE-NAS was honoured by placing it on the very top, because it was the JUM-MEE-NAS that led JUH-JEE-NEE’’s family to their new home with the HAISLA.

In addition, for my contemporary version of the GEE-GA-JOAUCH GLA-GLA-QWIL-SALA, there is an old-style GELWA carved with symbols representing the people that welcomed them during the ancient, southward journey of  JUH-JEE-NEE’’s family. The GELWA is placed between the KWA-KWALK and MOO-MOO-GA-JOO and carved with: a Skull and Scalp representing Gingolx; a Rose representing Lax Kw’alaams; and Grizzly Bear representing Kitselas.

This inclusion is meant to highlight the ancient family connections between the present-day HAISLA and our neighbours — something which is not often acknowledged — or indeed known — in today’s times but is part of the whole story of the HAISLA and the GEE-GA-JOAUCH.

Lyle Wilson 2024